Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis — EGPA, once called Churg-Strauss syndrome — is one of the more bewildering diagnoses a person can receive. Most people spend years being treated for severe asthma or recurrent sinusitis before the fuller picture emerges: vasculitis affecting small and medium vessels, nerve damage, skin involvement, and in the most serious cases, heart complications.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) — formerly called Wegener's granulomatosis — is among the most confounding autoimmune diagnoses a person can receive. It attacks small and medium blood vessels through a combination of necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis, typically beginning in the upper respiratory tract before involving the lungs and kidneys.

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is one of those conditions that tends to frustrate people for years before a name is finally attached to it. The combination of recurrent skin infections, pneumonias that leave permanent holes in the lungs, eczema that never quite responds to standard treatment, and a laboratory value that seems almost impossibly high — IgE levels ten or even a hundred times above normal — does not fit neatly into any single specialty.